Abstract
Upon insertion of a solid in water, its surface acquires a charge. The main mechanism responsible for surface charging in aqueous solvents is the ionization of the surface functional groups. The surface electrical potential is screened by a counterion cloud. Upon approaching two charged interfaces in water, the cloud of counterion is compressed and an osmotic-like pressure arises, which generates a repulsive force known as the double-layer interaction. In this chapter, elementary introductory notions for understanding double-layer interaction are introduced, such as surface potential, counterion distribution, double-layer interaction energy, Debye length, zeta potential, DLVO theory, etc. Further, practical examples are given on the construction of an interaction potential graph between two nanoparticles with their separation distance, from known experimentally measurable parameters.
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