Abstract
A hot spring or ‘thermal spring’ is a spring generated as a consequence of geothermally heated groundwater arising from the Earth’s crust. Depending upon the temperature range, hot springs harbor different mesophilic and thermophilic micro-biota mainly archaea and bacteria. Hot springs are present in many countries all over the world. There are many thermal springs in different states of India which are of interest to tourists and pilgrims. Hot springs are also popular among the local inhabitants for their medicinal properties. These environments are colonized by various types of thermophilic microorganisms capable of producing industrially important enzymes and proteins. The current chapter discusses the details of microbial diversity of hot springs in India and their potential biotechnological and industrial applications.
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