Abstract
Negative environmental consequences of fossil fuels and concerns about petroleum supplies have spurred the search for renewable transportation biofuels. Ethanol fuels, as a viable alternative, has been demonstrated to be able to provide a net energy gain, have environmental benefits, be economically competitive, and be producible in large quantities without reducing food supplies. Over the past 30years, ethanol fuel technologies for automotive applications are already well established, especially in Brazil and the United States. This chapter concentrates on ethanol fuel and its properties, and current ethanol-blended fuels with varied ethanol volume and flex-fuel vehicles are summarized. The environmental impacts of ethanol fuel including energy balance, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions are discussed. In addition, emerging developments of ethanol fuel vehicles are introduced.
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