Chapter 11 - Dendrite development: invertebrates

Abstract

Invertebrate dendrites are the regions of neurons responsible for receiving sensory or synaptic inputs. These specialized, and often highly branched, extensions rely on numerous molecular pathways for proper morphogenesis, and these pathways have been studied in diverse organisms and neuronal types. The particular branching complexity of dendrites can vary greatly across cell types fitting with their diverse functions. Transcriptional control mechanisms specify these different shapes and also control targeting of dendrites to specific territories. Targeted dendritic growth and branching in specific regions of the nervous system relies on signals and receptors that were first identified as regulators of axon guidance. Spacing of dendrites relies on repulsive interactions between neighboring branches, which creates even and nonredundant coverage of inputs. Metamorphosis is accompanied by extensive remodeling of dendritic architecture that involves pruning and regrowth of dendrites under the control of defined molecular pathways.