Abstract

Over the last years, algae have gained interest as an alternative potential renewable energy source while serving the dual purposes of phycoremediation and valuable biomass production. The integration of the ability of microalgae in CO2 sequestration as a consequence of greenhouse gas emission along with the cultivation of microalgae in industrial effluents to reduce wastewater pollution could provide a simultaneous approach to producing high biomass. This chapter discusses several factors influencing the effectiveness of CO2 removal, microalgal growth and nutrient-rich industrial effluents as the growth medium either through direct usage, the addition of supplements or pretreatment prior to the cultivation, apart from the bioremediation strategies of removing both excessive nutrients and heavy metals using monoculture and coculture of microalgae with other microorganisms. Lastly, the production of several green biofuels using algal biomass cultivated in wastewater utilizing the available nutrients and CO2 as sustainable and economical approaches are also discussed.

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