Abstract
Biomass isone of the most important renewable energy sources whichis scalable, environmental friendly, and economically feasible. Microalgae are the most potent, third generation biomass feedstock resource for biofuel production since it has higher estimated yield per unit land area than crop plants. Advantageously, algae possess waste remediation and combined biofuel production abilities. Biodieselare fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) that can be produced from algal feedstock harboring lipids through transesterification process. Hydrothermal liquefaction and pyrolysis processes are also adopted for renewable biodiesel production. Carbohydrates of algae are converted to bioethanolby fermentation process. Further, biogas can be produced through anaerobic digestion of spent biomass residues of algae, and the remnants can be used for biochar production and other byproducts. The capability of algae in imparting the biofuel feedstock role and biofuel conversion strategies are described through recent reports in this chapter.
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