Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of air entrainment in small-slope waterways. Self-aerated flows on small-slope chutes are encountered downstream of bottom outlets, at the toe of spillways, in storm waterways, in sewage plants, and chemical processing plants. A reanalysis of experimental data provides new information on the air-water flow properties down small-slope channels. The developing flow region is described. At the upstream end of an open channel, the inflow can be un-controlled or gated. In absence of upstream control, critical flow conditions take place at the channel crest. A large amount of model and prototype data is available to describe supercritical flows on steep-slope chutes. The air-water flow properties of gradually-varied flows down steep-slope chutes are estimated using Wood's method and its extension by Chanson. The analysis of free-surface aeration in supercritical flows down small-slope chutes indicates that the air-water flow properties differ from “classical steep”-slope results. The main differences are the effects of inflow conditions on the developing flow, the rapid air entrainment at the upstream end of the channel, and the gradual air detrainment downstream as the flow is decelerated.
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