Abstract
We observe a similar rate-decline behavior for water flowback after hydraulic fracturing of shale and tight gas/oil wells completed in the Horn River, Woodford, Montney, and Eagle Ford formations. This decline behavior is pronounced after oil/gas breakthrough from matrix into fractures, and can be described by a harmonic model. We use the model to predict postflowback water production, and observe a relatively good match between the predicted and measured field values. Long-term predictions show that water recovery remains very low even after 10 years of production from wells completed in the four formations. This work helps in understanding the physics of water flowback, and presents a practical tool for projecting water production in shale and tight reservoirs.
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