Abstract
The word antibiotic comes from Greek words “anti” means against and “bios” meaning life. The first effective antibiotic discovered was penicillin. After the discovery of penicillin >100 antibiotics have been developed and currently used in medicine. Antibiotics can be classified based on their chemical structures or on the basis of mechanism. Although most antibiotics do not require routine therapeutic drug monitoring, some antibiotics have narrow therapeutic ranges and require routine monitoring. Vancomycin and aminoglycosides require routine monitoring during therapy due to their known ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Other toxic antibiotic such as chloramphenicol requires monitoring along with few other antibiotics. Some antifungal drugs may benefit from monitoring. For certain antiretrovirals such as protease inhibitors routine therapeutic drug monitoring may also be beneficial. Monographs of these drugs requiring therapeutic drug monitoring are included in this chapter.
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