Abstract
The nonenveloped picornaviruses (PVs) affect human, as well as veterinary health. The open reading frame of virus encodes a polyprotein, which is processed by viral proteinases. In viral life cycle and virus host infection, 3C proteinases (3Cpro) have significant role, that is, proteinase and RNA-binding activity, which initiates viral RNA synthesis. 3Cpro modulates cell physiology to mediate viral replication by initiating cleavage of some essential cellular factors for transcription, translation, and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. The 3Cpro and essential factor interactions play important role in viral pathogenesis. Detailed knowledge of structural features, viral life cycle, host–pathogen interactions and understanding of the role of proteinases may provide guidelines toward development of potential irreversible and noncovalent inhibitors of 3Cpro as antiviral agents.
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