Chapter 10 - Pan-genomics of multidrug-resistant human pathogenic bacteria and their resistome

Abstract

The emergent antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria (ARPB) are a current menacing concern. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and coliform bacteria are the new emergent antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Pan-genomics is a new approach for understanding and decrypts the resistant mechanisms of ARB. In this chapter, we will review the state of art and new challenges to overcome in antibiotic resistance for approaching the resistome using pan-genomics methods either ARPB or multiple-antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria (MARPB). Currently, there are many bacterial pan-genomes reported up to now, and therefore available software tools to determine the core genome (conserved or constant) and the dispensable- or accessory-genome (not shared). Actually, nowadays there are plenty of bacterial genome-wide information loaded in databases such as PATRIC, NCBI, KEEG, MBGD, ENSEMBL, IMG/M, and also online tools to rapidly determine the pan-genome for a particular bacterium of interest. The bacteria resistome identification will be a future challenge to analyze and recognize the related genes in a bacterial resistome. The resistome is probably the main machinery for bacteria to thrive in the environment after exposure to any type of toxic compound or harsh physical or chemical stress and is not referred exclusively to antibiotics. In this review, we shall attempt to establish the main correlation between pan-genome and antibiotic resistome. This compendium will try to introduce the importance of the value and correlation between pan-genomes information and resistomes, in order to provide a new paradigm in the treatment of pathogenic bacteria