Abstract
Aspirin and nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (naNSAIDs) are prescribed for pain and fever relief. Evidence from clinical trials shows numerous pleiotropic effects that could potentially prevent and treat age-related diseases. Aspirin, the most widely used agent for the primary prevention of atherothrombosis, has also been proven to reduce cancer risk. The tumorigenic microenvironment is tightly connected to chronic low-grade inflammation and can be tackled by anti-inflammatory drugs. Aspirin and naNSAIDs could be used for chemoprevention in populations with a high genetic risk of cancer and as adjuvant chemotherapeutic agents. The evidence does not confirm a beneficial role for aspirin in preventing or reversing neurodegeneration. On the contrary, a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage is an additional risk for patients with preexisting cognitive impairment. Deciding whether to administer aspirin and naNSAIDs should involve carefully considering the potential risks and benefits, patient's age, multimorbidity, and exposure to other pharmacological agents.
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