Abstract
Over the course of last decade the knowledge gained regarding microRNA (miRNA) functioning has not only challenged the central dogma of mammalian gene regulation but has opened up new avenues of research into the development and regeneration of tissues. Given their many functions in animal and plant development, miRNAs have the potential to be transformed into candidate drugs that may have wide applications in the immune and cardiovascular system, and in stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency. This chapter highlights these diverse roles with respect to the lineage and specification of skeletal muscle and bone and, where applicable, describes how miRNAs may be used in regenerative therapies for musculo-skeletal diseases.
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