Abstract
Synthesis gas is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide supplied, normally from reforming reactions of hydrocarbons, alcohols, or coal and biomass conversion processes. The main application of syngas has been to produce liquid fuels, by Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis route. Other applications include the production of dimethyl ether (DME), fuels additives, alcohols, and hydrocarbons with long chains and as building-block chemicals. In this chapter, the general aspects of syngas production are presented, and the main technologies used to obtain some chemical products from the synthesis gas are also presented and discussed, with highlights on gaseous fuels. An overview of F-T process, including the main catalysts and the active sites, the mechanisms, and the operational conditions for the reactions, is introduced. Besides, it is addressed a discussion about the occurrence of both F-T and non-F-T reaction mechanisms. Finally, the production of DME is considered.
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