Abstract
Air pollution is associated with staggering levels of morbidity and mortality globally. Emissions from traffic, such as particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in exhaust, are a prominent source of pollution in urban environments. Specifically, there is a growing body of epidemiological data demonstrating that traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is linked to widespread effects on health. This chapter provides an overview of mechanistic studies demonstrating the link between TRAP and health effects on the lung, cardiovascular system, and other organs of the body. Special attention is given to the effect of particles in TRAP on the cardiovascular system as an exemplar for the many mechanisms by which these pollutants can exert multiple effects on an organ system through a variety of underlying pathways. These research findings lend biological plausibility to epidemiological observations and emphasize the need to tackle vehicle emissions to reduce the health effects of air pollution.
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