Abstract

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been envisioned as promising candidates in innovations across many industrial fields. Increasing the demand for nanomaterials (NMs) leads to increased accidental or deliberate release into the environment where most of them will end up in the soil. Plants, the pioneers in most biological systems, directly interact with ENMs, leading to transfer through food chains. Based on the type and concentration of NM, the uptake, translocation, and biotransformation of NMs within plants may result in consequences such as phytotoxicity. Also, there is a possibility of ENMs causing adverse health effects on different biological systems. Therefore studying the fate and behavior of ENMs within the biological systems has become important for their sustainable and effective utilization. Hence, this chapter mainly focuses on the fate and behavior of ENMs on flora and fauna, specifically concerning their potential threats to the environment.

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