Abstract
This chapter discusses the charges in electromagnetic fields. It explains the four-potential of a field. A charge located in a field not only is subjected to a force exerted by the field but also in turn acts on the field, changing it. However, if the charge e is not large, the action of the charge on the field can be neglected. In this case, when considering the motion of the charge in a given field, it may be assumed that the field itself does not depend on the coordinates or the velocity of the charge. The chapter also discusses gauge invariance. A constant electromagnetic field means a field that does not depend on the time. The potentials of a constant field can be chosen so that they are functions only of the coordinates and not of the time. A constant electric field is determined only by the scalar potential and a constant magnetic field only by the vector potential. The chapter discusses the motion of a charge in the case where there are present both electric and magnetic fields, constant and uniform.
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