Abstract
This chapter introduces the absolute basics of water quality standards and highlights relevant historical developments. Examples from the United Kingdom are mentioned for illustration purposes only. General principles of water quality standards and treatment objectives are outlined. Details that may vary from country to country have been deliberately omitted because they are beyond the scope of this introductory chapter. Key indicators of the strength of a water sample in terms of its biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand are discussed. A few essential and simple equations have been provided for readers interested in experimental analysis. Finally, other essential variables used for the characterization of wastewater are explained. After reading this chapter, readers should be familiar with water quality standards and issues that form the basis not just for wetland studies but also for water and wastewater treatment and environmental assessments in general.
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