Abstract
Abstract We give a pedagogical introduction to theory of topological insulators. Following an introduction to the role of topology in band theory, we discuss several examples in detail. These include theories of the electric polarization in one dimension, the integer quantum Hall effect in two dimensions and Z 2 topological insulators in two and three dimensions. We close with a brief discussion of topological crystalline insulators, nodal semimetals, topological superconductivity and topological defects.
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