Abstract
This chapter discusses the anatomy, morphology, reproduction, and its application of bacterial cells. Much information has been gained by the fragmentation of bacteria by mechanical or chemical methods followed by separation of components by differential centrifugation. These components have been subsequently examined in the electron and scanning electron microscope and also subjected to chemical analysis. The bacteria are unicellular organisms and it is important when considering bacterial cells to gain first an impression of their shape and size. The true bacteria exist in two main morphological variants, as rod-shaped cells with rounded or sometimes pointed ends, and as spherical or almost spherical cells called cocci. Four variants of the rod-shaped form are found: rods with one convolution (Vibrio), rods with several convolutions (Spirillum), rods which tend to form chains with the cells arranged end to end and those that may show branched forms as seen among some of the Actinomycetales.
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