Abstract
Historically, the most common scientific and clinical practice for studying the immune system has been to evaluate its individual components. This approach cannot show how the system functions across multiple levels of biology and does not connect the dots between interacting elements that drive immune response to internal and external stimuli. This chapter introduces the immune system as a distributed and decentralized network of molecules, cells, and tissues that integrates with every organ system and provides a readout on an individual’s state of health. We also review the young field of systems immunology. This field has embraced large-scale data collection with high-throughput technologies and helped pioneer integrative analyses to help synthesize these data into predictive models that can offer insights into immunological processes, can be used to identify diagnostic markers for pathophysiology, and can aid discovery of therapies for immune-mediated diseases.
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