Abstract
Premature birth complications have become the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intraventricular hemorrhage remain the most frequent complications and contribute significantly to mortality and morbidity in the extremely premature neonate. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and neonatal stroke are leading causes of mortality and morbidity in term neonates. Congenital defects of the cardiovascular or respiratory system represent a third group of neonatal diseases with a high medical and economic burden. Cell-based therapies offer a new field of therapeutic interventions and might represent a paradigm shift in perinatal medicine. Significant therapeutic benefits have been demonstrated in animal studies, and cell-based therapies are on the verge of clinical translation. Caution is warranted, however, because cell-based therapies for regenerative purposes represent a disruptive innovation, mechanisms of action are still not completely understood, and the translation from mouse to human is not without risks.
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