Abstract
Optical fibers have evolved from being simply a common transport waveguide for communication applications to become vital optical components within optical amplifiers, chromatic dispersion compensators, polarizers, sensors, and numerous other devices. A substantial portion of the specialty fiber business comes from fast-growing military/aerospace applications—fiber optic gyroscopes, fiber-guided/tethered missiles, and submarine hydrophones—as well as oil and gas applications. Dispersion-compensating fibers have a substantial market share, with the advent of many new specialty fiber manufacturers. These fibers would evolve to offer a larger bandwidth over which the compensation can be implemented. They would also evolve to meet the 40-Gbps demands. Polarization-maintaining fiber is an optical fiber in which the polarization (PZ) planes of lightwaves launched into the fiber are maintained during propagation with a little or no cross coupling of optical power between the PZ modes. PMFs are used in special applications such as fiber optic sensing and interferometry.
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