Abstract
This chapter gives the terminology utilized in reference to the solar energy use. It defines key characteristic parameters describing solar radiation. Spectral distribution of solar radiation is presented and discussed. The chapter also covers physical fundamentals of selected phenomena related to solar radiation and its travel to the Earth's surface, including attenuation caused by the Earth’s atmosphere. Processes of scattering and absorption of solar radiation by atmosphere particles are described in detail. The phenomena of the greenhouse effect is also presented and analyzed. Determination of the sky temperature according to the Swinbanck model is explained. The final section presents classification of key technologies that utilize, in a direct or indirect way, solar energy.
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