Abstract
This chapter discusses signal conditioning. Signal conditioning may consist of simple amplification or scaling but often takes the form of shaping and cleaning of signals prior to processing. Many signal processing problems may consist of a mixture of hardware and software. Simple signal conditioning may involve the following processes: (1) amplification, (2) linearization, (3) offsetting, and (4) filtering. Many types of sensor generate a very low-amplitude output signal, perhaps only a few millivolts. Such a low level of signal is insufficient to directly drive an analogue to digital converter. It is, therefore, necessary to amplify the output signal from some transducers to obtain a sufficient signal level. An op-amp should deliver an output voltage of zero when its input is zero, that is, inverting and noninverting inputs at the same potential. This is often not the case, however, and an offset voltage is generated. Filtering is a process that rejects all unwanted frequencies from the entire spectrum, thus, selecting only the wanted range of frequencies for further processing.
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