Abstract

Native and recombinant enzymes are tools in major sectors of the biopharmaceutical, agricultural, and chemical industries, acting in very diverse areas of medicine, diagnostics, food, feed, detergents, textiles, leather, paper, pulp, and plastics. Nowadays, microorganisms are the main source of commercial enzymes and are continuously optimized by selection, recombination, expression, and production of hydrolases for practical use. Biotechnology (genetic engineering) has the more accurate available methods for the optimization of enzyme production, starting from the transfer of the encoding genetic sequence from a plant, animal, or microorganism to the expressing microbe, yeast, or fungi.

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