Abstract
Environmental contamination is one of the formidable challenges that the world is facing today due to its adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health. Air pollutants are harmful to plant, human, and animal life, and their timely detection and removal has become indispensable to combat air pollution. Nanoscience and nanotechnology offer great promise for sensing and detection of air pollutants in the environmental matrices. In contrast to conventional techniques nanomaterials represent superior performance in the sensing and remediation of air pollutants, owing to their high reactivity and substantial surface area. A number of metals, metal oxides, polymeric materials, nanocomposites, and electrolytes have been applied as sensing materials in chemical sensors. Though inorganic semiconductors and polymeric materials have been used as sensory materials in different sensors, they are associated with several disadvantages like poor selectivity, incomplete recovery, and response. The deployment of nanohybrid nanostructures may overcome many of these issues and has gained increasing interest for use as sensing materials for the detection of environmental pollutants. In this chapter we discuss the role of inorganic nanomaterials, organic nanomaterials, and organic/inorganic nanocomposites to determine air pollutants, such as toxic gases and vapors.
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