Abstract
Surgery underwent a radical revolution in the 90s with the advent of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Thanks to MIS, surgeon started to operate without big scars and without introduction of the hands into the cavities of the body, but watching TV screens and moving the hands together with long instruments through small scars on the body's surface. MIS was firstly applied in the abdomen, but soon has been implemented in the other parts of the body: chest, neck, and head. The major advantages of MIS, if compared to open surgery, appeared to be a reduced postoperative pain, a reduced hospital length of stay, a reduced incidence of postoperative complications, an increased patient's comfort, and also an improved cosmetic result. Few years later, together with the MIS evolution, robot-assisted MIS (RAMIS) arrived in the surgical field. The main differences of RAMIS, compared to conventional MIS, were the 3D view, the stereoscopic and enhanced vision, the increased degrees of freedom with wristed instruments, the surgeon's tremor cancellation, the improved surgeon ergonomics, and the surgeons’ control of a camera lens that locks onto a specific field of view. The evolution of conventional MIS invested the past 30years and is currently still under further improvement. The evolution of RAMIS was mainly concentrated in the beginning of its arrival, but for 15years, it was developed by only one surgical company. In the recent 10years, the research and investment in RAMIS interested other surgical companies, some of them already in the market and some others still under development.
Published Version
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