Abstract
This chapter explores the reciprocating compressors and their applications. The purpose of compressors is to move air and other gases from place to place. Gases, unlike liquids, are compressible and require compression devices, which although similar to pumps, operate on somewhat different principles. Compressors, blowers, and fans are such compression devices. A gas is a fluid having neither independent shape nor form, which tends to expand indefinitely. An ideal or perfect gas is one for which the laws of Boyle, Charles, and Amonton apply. Gauge pressure (psig) is the pressure, in pounds per square inch, above local atmospheric pressure. Absolute pressure (psia) is the existing gauge pressure plus local atmospheric or barometric pressure. Displacement of a compressor is the volume swept through the first stage cylinder or cylinders and is usually expressed in cubic feet per minute. Free air is air at normal atmospheric conditions. The piston displacement is the net volume actually displaced by the compressor piston at rated machine speed, as the piston travels the length of its stroke from bottom dead center to top dead center.
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