Abstract
We report here some general advances made in phase transitions in small/nano systems which may also be utilized in analysis and understanding of phytonanotechnology systems. Experimental, simulation, and theoretical methods for identification and prediction of solid-liquid and liquid-vapor phase transitions in simple molecular nano systems are reported. Through experimental and simulation studies, it is shown that phase transition points (transition temperatures), by going from one phase to another and the reverse, differ and there is a hysteresis in nano systems phase transitions. The phenomenon of fragmentation during phase transition from liquid to vapor phase is discussed and an experimental example is presented. Computer simulation has shown that the two-phase and critical regions in vapor-liquid transitions of nano systems differ from those of macroscopic systems. Van der Waals equation of state has already been shown to be valid for nano systems through statistical mechanical derivation. Application of the van der Waals equation of state for nano systems can qualitatively predict the same phase behavior as observed by the computer simulation.
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