Abstract
This chapter reviews enzymic reactions involved in starch synthesis in higher plants and algae. Existing information on the properties of various starch biosynthetic enzymes in the plant, algal, and cyanobacterial systems will be described and compared. Alteration of starch structure due to the mutational effects on these biosynthetic enzymes allows postulation for some specific functions for starch synthases and branching enzymes. Finally regulation of starch synthesis at the enzymatic level will be discussed and in relation to this regulation, recent results indicating how starch content has been increased in certain plants will be indicated. A previous chapter (Shannon and Garwood, l984) in the second edition of Starch Chemistry and Technology discusses the various maize endosperm mutants or mutant combinations (26 of them) that shows an effect on the quantity or the nature of the starch formed and is still of interest. This information remains of interest and the reader is referred to that review.
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