Abstract
Primary brain tumors (PBT) comprise a diverse group of neoplasms that are often malignant and refractory to treatment. Between 30,000 and 35,000 new PBT are diagnosed each year in the USA (approximately 14 per 100,000). Tumors of neuroepithelial origin are the largest histological class of PBT and include the glioma sub-group (for example, glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma), which represents the most frequently diagnosed tumors in adults. Other important tumors in adults include meningiomas, primary brain lymphoma, and oligoastrocytoma. Commonly diagnosed tumors in children include medulloblastoma, cerebellar astrocytoma, and optic pathway glioma. This chapter reviews the microscopic and molecular pathology of PBT that are most likely to require treatment with chemotherapy, utilizing the classification system of the World Health Organization.
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