Abstract
In 1908, Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene introduced the term nucleotide to refer to phosphate esters of nucleosides, which were named because they contained a sugar in glycoside linkage with the purine and pyrimidine bases of the nucleic acids. This chapter discusses the historical development of the nucleotide field. The knowledge of the free nucleotides of tissues has developed with the understanding about the chemical nature and metabolism of the nucleic acids. During the 1940s, a new technology was developed for the manipulation and quantitation of microgram quantities of the nucleic acid bases. The advent of this technology, which involved paper chromatography, chromatography on ion-exchange media, and ultraviolet spectro-photometry, brought about a literal explosion in the knowledge of the free nucleotides of cells and tissues. The chapter also discusses nucleoside antibiotics and nucleotide profiles, and the extraction of nucleotides from cells.
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