Abstract
A brief history of the discovery of and follow-up research on marine manganese deposits (nodules and crusts) in the world’s oceans is touched upon. Also the justifications to mine these deposits are provided here. Of the several oceanic basins in the world, only four are viable for commercial deep-sea mining. These basins are the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Equatorial North Pacific, the Peru Basin in the Southeast Pacific Ocean, the Penrhyn Basin to the east of Australia in the central South Pacific Ocean, and the Indian Ocean Nodule Field within the Central Indian Ocean Basin. The nodules in these basins are abundant (>5kg/m2), have significant metal grade (Ni+Cu+Co>2wt%), and occur on a relatively topographically smooth seafloor.
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