Abstract
Greenhouse gases generated through the burning of agricultural crop residues and the utilization of petroleum products derived from fossil fuels (in the transportation sector) are predominant contributors to global warming. Moreover, it is anticipated that most fossil fuel sources will be depleted by 2040–50. In this regard, bioethanol has been found to be an alternative liquid fuel that can be used as a partial or direct substitution for petroleum products. Bioethanol is an octane enhancer and is used as an oxygenated compound for the clean combustion of gasoline. Currently, industrial processes for bioethanol production mainly use feedstocks, such as corn, wheat, cassava, sugar beet, and sugarcane, but they are in direct competition with the food sector. Therefore lignocellulosic biomass is found to be one of the most promising potential renewable resources for the production of bioethanol. Several types of lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural crop residues, forest residues, and grass materials, are relatively inexpensive, highly abundant in nature, and also do not compete with the food or feed industries. Therefore the utilization of lignocellulosic feedstock for the production of bioethanol has dual benefits: the world can meet the demand for transportation fuel and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels as well as agricultural crop residues.
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