Abstract
In order to understand the working principle, potential and limitations of a nanopore sensor, we first need to look at the fundamental physical processes that underlie ionic and molecular motion in solution. In this chapter, we discuss ion transport in the presence of an external driving force, such as a concentration gradient or an electric field. We derive the Nernst-Planck equation for the flux of ions and derive expressions for the pore conductance for different pore geometries. We discuss surface charge effects, the access resistance and electroosmosis, and conclude with a basic model for particle translocation through nanopores after DeBlois and Bean.
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