Chapter 1 - Introduction to various types of cancers

Abstract

Cancer is presently one of the main causes of death worldwide. Different stages of cancer have been identified, demonstrating that multiple gene alterations are implicated in cancer pathogenesis. The aberrant cell growth is caused by these gene alterations. The rise of cell proliferation is aided by genetic diseases induced by inheritance or hereditary factors. The lung, prostate, colon/rectum, and urinary tract all have the greatest proportions of cancer types in men. Colon/rectum cancer, breast cancer, uterus cancer, lung cancer, and thyroid cancer are the most common cancers in women. Cigarette usage, heavy alcohol intake, improper food rich in red and highly fried meat, sugary beverages and snack foods, starchy meals, processed carbohydrates such as sugars and refined grains, an absence of physical exercise, and exposure to environmental pollutants are all risk factors for cancer. In this chapter, we will discuss the various types of cancers along with their risk factors and pathogenesis.