Chapter 1 - Introduction and History

Abstract

This chapter outlines the uses of glass from ancient to modern times, and also comments on the use and production of film deposition and coating techniques. Glass is the general term used for a number of special materials of varying composition and properties. It is of considerable importance for the production of scientific, technical, architectural, and decorative objects, as well as many articles that are used in daily life. Glass was used first as a gem and then for hollow vessels, especially unguent jars and small vases, which were not blown but molded. With the invention of glass blowing, glass objects became more utilitarian than purely decorative and luxurious. Glass has very few applications in research and industry where its properties can be neglected. Thus, the development of the processes for surface treatments, such as grinding, polishing, cleaning and coating, has been of immense importance. Coatings on various glasses are made to produce controlled special variations of their optical, electrical, chemical, and mechanical properties.