Chapter 1 - Impact of nanotoxicity in soil microbiome and its remedial approach

Abstract

Modern scientific study in the cutting-edge field of nanotechnology is revolutionizing how technology is developed today. A state-of-the-art scientific strategy unquestionably performs a wide range of tasks in reducing environmental contaminants for the benefit of the ecosystem. Their tremendous use and frantic discharge, however, created a serious threat to the soil microbiota. In rhizospheric soils, nanoparticles (NPs) impair the structural, chemical, as well as metabolic activities of the earth’s surface. Yet, the leaching of minute NPs on the earth’s ecosystem has significantly changed the soil’s characteristics and biogeochemical cycles, which have an impact on rhizospheric activities. The chapter highlights the mechanistic routes of microorganisms use to deal with NPs and emphasizes the ecological implications of nanotechnology and potential remedies with an understanding of some techniques. This includes cutting-edge engineering approaches, environmentally friendly methods for synthesizing NPs, as well as various regulatory steps to control NPs in the environment. Using this background, the present review may create an extensive strategy concerning NPs with fresh insights to comprehend the mechanisms of toxicity and resistance of NPs to bacteria. The combination of nanotechnology and bioremediation has opened up new possibilities for modernizing the remediation processes.