Chapter 1 - Graphene and 2D-Like Nanomaterials: Different Biofunctionalization Pathways for Electrochemical Biosensor Development

Abstract

In the last decades, nanotechnology has played a key role in the electrochemical biosensor development based on the mediated and direct electrochemical communication between the biorecognition elements and the electrode surface. In particular, graphene and 2D-like nanomaterials (e.g., boron nitride nanosheets, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets, and various transition metal dichalcogenides) have attracted an increasing interest due to their peculiar properties such as high specific surface area and the ease of biofunctionalization. Moreover, in the last few years, the successful integration of graphene and 2D-like nanomaterials with other nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, or quantum dots has dramatically increased the opportunities to develop novel electrochemical biosensors with highly enhanced performances, mainly due to the synergistic effects.