Abstract
Medical Geography, sometimes called health geography, is a field of medical research that incorporates geographical parameters into the study of health and the spread of disease. In addition, medical geography studies the effects of all spatial variables (e.g., climate) and the position of an individual with respect to his/her health as well as the distribution of health services. Spatial Epidemiology is an important field, because it aims to understand health problems and improve the health of people worldwide based on the various geographical factors that affect them. The Geography of Health Care mostly focuses on the location of facilities, in terms of accessibility and utilization, whereas the Geography of Diseases focuses on the distribution of diseases in geographical space and the analysis and description of disease correlations, with existing or potential environmental factors. This chapter is an extensive summary of work related to Medical Geography and Spatial Epidemiology using new technologies such as Geographic Information Systems, and Remote Sensing.
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