Abstract
This initial chapter includes aspects of the regulation of gene expression, signaling pathways, metabolites, and concepts of gene regulatory networks. Also discussed are enhancer elements in the noncoding genome essential for the regulation of expression, epigenetics, chromatin and chromatin folding, 3D interactions, transcription factors, and enhancer–promoter interactions, functions, and diversity. Specific assays used in determining key elements in gene regulation are discussed. Insights into gene regulation through activities in the ENCODE project are presented. Details of enhancer elements and their impact on gene regulation and expression are presented. Information of cell-specific regulatory elements are discussed. Also discussed are metabolic regulation, chromatin modifications, and gene expression emphasizing the importance of adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
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