Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful and multifunctional tool for nondestructively characterizing the biological systems in their native states under aqueous conditions with an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution, remarkably offering novel possibilities for revealing the biophysical and biomechanical cues taking place at various biointerfaces ranging from single molecules to living cells. The wide applications of AFM in life sciences have yielded numerous novel and unique insights into physiological and pathological processes and contributed much to the field of mechanobiology. In this chapter, the fundamentals and methods of the prevailing AFM techniques for biomedical applications are presented, mainly including the principle and configuration of AFM, AFM topographical imaging modes, AFM force spectroscopy techniques for detecting cellular and molecular mechanics, high-speed AFM and topography and recognition imaging mode AFM.
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