Abstract
This chapter highlights the issues related to the reserves of fossil fuels and their depletion and the environmental issues due to the consumption of fossil fuels. The fossil-fuel era has indeed had a large impact on civilization and industrial development. However, the rapid worldwide increase in the consumption of fossil fuels in the 20th century to meet energy demand, mostly by industrialized nations, suggests that the time is not too distant before the depletion of fossil fuels begins to adversely affect petroleum and natural gas reserves. This is expected to result in increased usage of alternative biomass energy resources. There is also considerable disagreement as to whether increased fossil-fuel consumption is the primary cause of global climate change. But most energy and environmental specialists agree that there is a strong relationship between localized and regional air quality in terms of pollutant concentrations and fossil-fuel consumption. The greater the consumption of fossil fuels, especially by motor vehicles and power plants, the greater the levels of air pollution in a given region.
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