Chapter 1 - Developments in the era of unmanned aerial systems

Abstract

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as drones. Drones offer a wide range of value-added services and promise effective solutions to the constraints of ground-based devices. This chapter provides an introduction to UAVs focusing on their technological evolution; from the preliminary efforts and drones used for military purposes to civilian ones. Subsequently, a classification is presented based on the weight and size, aerodynamic features, and application. In brief, drones vary in size and weight, from very large to insect-like drones, depending on the specific mission requirements. Moreover, they may have fixed or flapping wings, one or several rotors, or combine characteristics of these operating principles, with each category having its advantages and disadvantages. In reference to their application, they can be roughly classified into drones aiming to either perceive or act, or carry out both. Finally, limitations of the existing drones and challenges that need to be addressed are discussed in a broader perspective.