Abstract
The drive to find sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based products has positioned wood as an indispensable resource. However, one of the biggest challenges in realizing a wood-based biorefinery is its recalcitrance toward biological deconstruction. In this chapter, our intent is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the factors contributing to this wood recalcitrance. Formation of the cell wall through biosynthesis of the structural constituents of wood and their chemical structure and networking are discussed as vital determinants of this impermeable nature of wood. Current efforts, specific to the individual factors, on overcoming this recalcitrance to improve the hydrolyzability of wood are also discussed.
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