Channels within soft wheat starch A- and B-type granules

Abstract

The nature of channels within wheat starch granules was investigated using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. A-type granules stained with 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA, protein-specific probe) revealed a network of radially oriented, channel-like protein structures similar to those previously reported. However, treatment of the same starch granules with methanolic merbromin (fluorescent dye) solution, which is used to highlight external granule surfaces (including those of channels) under non-swelling conditions, revealed few, if any, channels extending into the granule interior. This discrepancy suggested that channels within wheat starch granules were filled at least in part with protein. Removal of protein with protease facilitated greater access of methanolic merbromin to channels and/or cavities for both granule types. For A-type starch granules, relatively large channels were observed in the equatorial groove region, while finer channels originated from other regions of the granule. This work reports the first visualization of B-type granule channels, which most frequently occurred as less-defined voids (as opposed to the fine, discrete channels of A-type granules) extending to granule surfaces. Channels of A- and B-type starch granules appeared to facilitate transfer of chemical reagent into the granule matrix, though this effect was aided by granule swelling (hydration) and/or removal of channel-associated protein.