CHANGING THE CONTENT OF WORDS AS A WAY OF NEOSEMANTICISM

Abstract

The article on the material of neosemanticisms in the modern Ukrainian language examines the process of expanding the meaning of words, which consists in using the word in relation to a larger range of objects. In the process of expansion, generalized semes are usually introduced into the structure of the denotation, which leads to a decrease in the semantic composition of the derivative compared to the original value. The process of expanding the meaning is based on genus-species concepts. Several models are characteristic for the expansion of the meaning, namely: 1) generalization of the archiseme of the meaning of the prototype; 2) generalization of the archiseme of the creative lexical-semantic variant and the parallel loss of differential semes; 3) preservation of the archiseme of the creative lexical-semantic variant and at the same time the appearance of new differential semes. When selecting derived values, we take into account the time criterion – the beginning of the 21st century, the absence of lexicographic fixation / fixation in new dictionaries (21st century). Since any meaning of a word is realized in the context, the observation of meaning derivation was carried out with the wide involvement of contexts, which always realize the individual semantic features of each word. It is substantiated that the functioning of syntagmatically determined secondary nominations in the modern Ukrainian language is caused by the speakers' desire for variety and expressiveness of thought. It was found that semantic neologisms are a powerful source of language enrichment. On the one hand, this is related to the nature of human thinking – the ability of a person to generalize and systematize several phenomena of the objective world at once in a word, on the other hand – it is determined by the internal tendency of language development – the desire to save not only lexical, but also word-forming resources.