Abstract
To address which mitochondria-related nuclear differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and related pathways are altered during human oocyte maturation, single-cell analysis was performed in three oocyte states: in vivo matured (M-IVO), in vitro matured (M-IVT), and failed to mature in vitro (IM-IVT). There were 691 DEGs and 16 mitochondria-related DEGs in the comparison of M-IVT vs. IM-IVT oocytes, and 2281 DEGs and 160 mitochondria-related DEGs in the comparison of M-IVT vs. M-IVO oocytes, respectively. The GO and KEGG analyses showed that most of them were involved in pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, peroxisome, and amino acid metabolism, i.e., valine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism or degradation. During the progress of oocyte maturation, the metabolic pathway, which derives the main source of ATP, shifted from glucose metabolism to pyruvate and fatty acid oxidation in order to maintain a low level of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although the immature oocytes could be cultured to a mature stage by an in vitro technique (IVM), there were still some differences in mitochondria-related regulations, which showed that the mitochondria were regulated by nuclear genes to compensate for their developmental needs. Meanwhile, the results indicated that the current IVM culture medium should be optimized to compensate for the special need for further development according to this disclosure, as it was a latent strategy to improve the effectiveness of the IVM procedure.
Highlights
Introduction iationsIt has been 40 years since the first in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF-ET) baby was born into the world [1]
Two comparisons were performed: the first was between M-IVT and IM-IVT, which was designed to determine the changes in mitochondrial-related nuclear genes during oocyte maturation, and the second was between M-IVT and M-IVO which was aimed to determine the major differences in mitochondrial-related transcriptional profiling
A total of 2281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the M-IVT oocytes in comparison with M-IVO oocytes; 1459 genes increased while 822 genes decreased (Figure 2B)
Summary
It has been 40 years since the first in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF-ET) baby was born into the world [1]. Up to now, this landmark technology has greatly improved infertility medical care and has made huge strides and fast progress toward finding suitable treatment options for infertile couples. The in vitro mature (IVM) technique is a very important complementary technique to utilize immature oocytes harvested in assisted reproductive treatment (ART). IVM in humans [5] It was not until 1991 that the first baby was born using immature oocytes collected from an unstimulated cycle in a donor oocyte program [6], and in 1994 occurred
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