Abstract
Changes in the dimensions of lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) with different lignin contents from betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) by enzymatic hydrolysis using endoglucanase (EG) were investigated. Lignin contents were adjusted from 3% to 27% by NaClO2/acetic acid treatment, and LCNFs were prepared using a wet disk-mill (WDM). The dimensions of the LCNFs significantly decreased with decreasing lignin content and increasing EG addition. With increasing EG content, the average diameter of the LCNFs significantly decreased, even though they contained parts of hemicellulose and lignin. The crystal structure showed the typical cellulose I structure in all samples, but the intensity of the diffraction peak slightly changed depending on the lignin and EG contents. The crystallinity index (CrI) values of the LCNFs increased a maximum of 23.8% (LCNF-L27) under increasing EG addition, regardless of the lignin content. With the EG addition of three times the LCNF amount, LCNF-L3 showed the highest CrI value (59.1%). By controlling the composition and structure of LCNFs, it is expected that the wide range of properties of these materials can extend the property range available for existing materials.
Highlights
Lignocellulose nanofibril (LCNF) has been attracting attention in various research areas due to its surface characteristics and impressive mechanical properties [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
We investigated the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis when using EG on the changes in the dimensions of lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) from betung bamboo with different lignin contents
The dimensions of the LCNFs significantly decreased with decreasing lignin content and increasing EG content
Summary
Lignocellulose nanofibril (LCNF) has been attracting attention in various research areas due to its surface characteristics and impressive mechanical properties [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. LCNF contains lignin and hemicellulose and can be obtained from lignocellulose through a mechanical defibrillation process [4,5,6,7,8,9]. LCNF suspension has a relatively lower viscosity than holocellulose nanofibril (HCNF) and pure cellulose nanofibril (PCNF) because of the presence of hydrophobic lignin; it might have higher dispersibility and excellent affinity with hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers [6]. It is highly suitable for the utilization of LCNF to various functional composites [10]. Enzymatic hydrolysis is considered an effective method for adjusting the aspect ratio and reducing the dimensions of LCNFs [13,14,15,16]
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